Archive

The failure to address the environmental issues could turn into a vicious circle in which the falling Caspian Sea level starts to jeopardize the operations of the fossil fuel and shipping industries. Concern has been growing in recent years over the steadily declining level of the Caspian Sea, the world’s largest inland body of water. The water level dropped by about two meters from 2006 to 2024, […]

The EU’s Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) is being expanded to cover shipping. But what does this involve and what does it mean for the maritime sector? What is the EU’s Emissions Trading System (EU ETS)?The European Union’s Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) is one of the main tools with which the EU hopes to combat global heating and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions cost […]

Highlights Abstract Ukraine is a key global producer and exporter of grain. In peacetime, over 70% of Ukraine’s grain production is exported, and over 90% of these exports go through Black Sea ports. The Russian invasion of Ukraine, and consequently the occupation, blockade, or destruction of these ports, has disrupted the maritime supply chains. In this paper we examine the difficulties experienced in attempts to […]